Iron is the key oxygen-binding element in hemoglobin, a red blood cell component that allows for oxygen transport and dispersion throughout the body
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When mitochondrial stress arises (from aging, nutrient excess, inflammation, environmental toxins, or psychological stress), ROS production outpaces antioxidant capacity, leading to electron leakage, superoxide accumulation, and oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA, proteins, and membranes
They can function as ROS scavengers, iron chelators and enzyme modulators 150, 151 and may possibly enhance the production of NO
Christensen S, Robinson K, Thomas S, Williams DR
2025 ADS/ANZCA/GESA/NACOS clinical practice recommendations on the peri-procedural use of GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists