A decrease in the expression of mitochondrial chaperones such as HSP60 and HSP70, critical for protein folding and mtDNA replication, has also been observed [61]
Nature 546, 656661
This often leads to under-eating, which can cause nutrient deficiencies and also stalled weight loss as the body is trying to just survive on little calories
50 However, in T2D, most non-classical Wnt ligands such as Wnt4 and Wnt2a are highly upregulated, 159 inhibiting Wnt3a and promoting cell dysfunction
Imbalances between glutamate and GABA, which are strongly implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders like MDD [77], can lead to excitotoxicity, whereby excessive glutamate activation of NMDARs and AMPARs triggers calcium overload, oxidative stress, and cell death [78]
[CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022