As mentioned in the study, administration of exenatide after SCI suppressed C/EBP homologous transcription factor protein (CHOP, a pro-apoptotic transcription factor central to ER stress-mediated apoptosis) while upregulating glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78, an ER chaperone with cytoprotective effects) in the injured spinal cord, leading to a significant decrease in tissue damage and a significant increase in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell survival [66]
At week 20, the change from baseline in HbA1c in patients treated with sitagliptin (N=95) was 0.06% compared to 0.23% in patients treated with placebo (N=95), a difference of -0.17% (95% CI: -0.62, 0.28)
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is driven by low or fluctuating oestrogen and is characterised by vulvovaginal dryness, irritation, dyspareunia, recurrent infections/urinary symptoms, and tissue fragility
It complements but does not substitute for healthy lifestyle habits
Allowing the reconstituted compound to reach room temperature before injection and using clean technique with an appropriately sized needle minimizes discomfort further
We suspect that metabolic/bioenergetic reprograming, observed in this study, could also mediate short-term maintenance of -cell function upon withdrawal of GLP-1 analogues, as documented in humans and rodents by others 21, 33