Concurrently, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and obesity contribute to ROS overproduction, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) are significantly reduced ( In PCOS, excessive ROS inflict damage on oocytes and granulosa cells, disrupt the follicular microenvironment, and impair follicular development and ovulation ( e.g ., CYP17) in ovarian theca cells, exacerbating hyperandrogenemia ( e.g ., vitamin C, vitamin E, N-acetylcysteine) may mitigate oxidative damage, improve insulin sensitivity, and restore ovarian function by neutralizing ROS ( 3.2 Autophagy Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process responsible for degrading and recycling damaged organelles and proteins, playing a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis
Unlike traditional anti-inflammatory agents, these compounds uniquely influence NO-related mechanisms, making them a promising frontier in treating inflammation and cancer (152)
Notes Author notes * Correspondence: Juan Daniel Daz Garca: [email protected]
however, these drugs have failed to modify or significantly slow disease progression
doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.12.004
*Correspondence: Liquan Huang, [email protected]
