Hesperidin can regulate lipid metabolism (upregulating PPAR, CPT1, ACOX1, and ACADM, downregulating HADH, SREBP-1C, and SCD1) and the gut microbiota (mainly increasing the Bacteroidetes / Firmicutes ratio), participating in the regulation of lipid metabolism ( Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes ratio and the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Lactobacillus ) ( In summary, the research found that botanical drugs and their active metabolites can participate in regulating the gut microbiota and SCFAs levels, improving bile acid metabolism, modulating related hormones of the BGA, and regulating inflammatory factors
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6.3 Inhibition of bone destruction and cartilage damage Clinical trials have shown that the use of tocilizumab in combination with methotrexate in patients with moderate-to-severe RA can significantly decrease the level of the bone remodeling markers, C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen and MMP-degraded type II collagen, and inhibit the bone remodeling process (282)
Later work examined NNMT inhibition combined with dietary changes in obese mice, reporting reductions in body weight, fat mass, and hepatic fat, alongside shifts in gut bacterial populations
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