The classic symptoms of B12 deficiency are persistent fatigue, tingling or numbness in the hands and feet, problems with memory and concentration, mouth ulcers, a sore red tongue, and pale or yellow-tinged skin
This prevents new damage and keeps the "melanin switch" from being constantly turned on by UV rays
Across preclinical studies, Epitalon has shown: Telomerase activation and telomere extension: Via TRAP assays and fibroblast lifespan extension beyond the Hayflick limit Epigenetic remodeling: Reversal of chromatin aging, histone modulation, and gene promoter binding Redox homeostasis: Increased antioxidant enzymes (SOD, NQO1, catalase) and reduced ROS, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage Circadian restoration: Upregulation of AANAT/pCREB, normalized melatonin and cortisol rhythms, and clock gene modulation in humans Cancer risk reduction: Reduced tumor multiplicity and delayed onset in HER-2/neu and colon cancer models
2 and Additional file 1: Fig
[63] When an action is followed by an increase in dopamine activity, the basal ganglia circuit is altered in a way that makes the same response easier to evoke when similar situations arise in the future
Kittana et al., 2023)
