The medication slows down gastric emptying by relaxing the muscles of your stomach
2022 Apr 1;105(4):397-405
How to Use Nutrex L-Carnitine 3000 Liquid
The most used PAP medication was dulaglutide (45.8%)
Individual metabolism and hormones: Insulin sensitivity and gut hormone response vary
General Information Class: Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) Route: Oral tablets Brand names: Cozaar, Hyzaar (with hydrochlorothiazide) Onset: ~6 hours (full effect after 36 weeks of continuous use) Uses (Indications) Hypertension (first-line therapy, especially in patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors) Heart failure (alternative to ACE inhibitors if cough/angioedema occurs) Diabetic nephropathy (slows kidney damage in type 2 diabetes + hypertension) Stroke prevention in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy Chronic kidney disease (to reduce proteinuria and delay progression) Mechanism of Action Selectively blocks Angiotensin II Type 1 (AT1) receptors prevents effects of angiotensin II: Vasoconstriction blocked lowers blood pressure Aldosterone release reduced sodium & water retention Sympathetic activation reduced Net effect = BP, afterload, renal protection Dosage (Adults) Hypertension: 50 mg once daily (can increase to 100 mg daily, once or divided) Heart failure: 2550 mg once daily (titrate as tolerated) Diabetic nephropathy: 50100 mg once daily Can be combined with a thiazide diuretic (HCTZ) for better BP control Side Effects Dizziness, headache, fatigue Hypotension (especially after first dose in volume-depleted patients) Hyperkalemia (high potassium) Kidney function decline (rare, but monitor in CKD) Angioedema (rare, less than ACE inhibitors) GI upset Contraindications Pregnancy (teratogenic fetal renal failure, skull hypoplasia) Bilateral renal artery stenosis Severe hyperkalemia Hypersensitivity to losartan or ARBs Precautions Monitor blood pressure, kidney function, and serum potassium Caution with potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics (spironolactone, amiloride) Safer alternative if patient develops cough with ACE inhibitors Summary Losartan = ARB blocks angiotensin II receptors Uses: hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, CKD, stroke prevention Main risks: hyperkalemia, kidney impairment, hypotension (rare angioedema) Better tolerated than ACE inhibitors (less cough/angioedema) Losartan: An ARB for hypertension, heart failure, and kidney protection Losartan is a widely used antihypertensive medication that belongs to the class of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
