And we still don't understand the full microbiome
These include flavonoids, phenolic acids such as gallic, ellagic, and caffeic acids, as well as tannins and terpenoid phenolics (Qiujian et al., 2021
The difference is how fast they work, not how strong they are
In terms of bilirubins effects on immune cells, a 2017 study showed (139) that unconjugated bilirubin upregulates CD39 and thus inhibits Th17 immunoreactivity, this promotes several cancers, such as breast, colorectal, and ovarian cancers (140142), and thus, the inhibition of TH17 by unconjugated bilirubin can play a role in inhibiting related cancer effects
Oncotarget (2017) 8(10):1610921
Within the glycine cleavage system, R -lipoic acid is covalently bound to a conserved lysine of the H protein ( Figures 2 and 3 )