The lack of vitamin B12 may result from any of the following conditions: Addisonian (pernicious) anemia this condition causes autoantibody formation against parietal cells, which results in a lack of IF essential for absorption of vitamin B12 from the intestine Malabsorption impaired absorption of vitamin B12 Gastrointestinal pathology, dysfunction, or surgery these include atrophic gastritis, celiac disease, small bowel bacterial overgrowth, pancreatic insufficiency, Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric carcinoma, and total or partial gastrectomy Diphyllobothrium latum and related species (the fish tapeworm) infestation these parasites compete with vitamin B12 for intestinal absorption
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[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 114.Filippatos TD, Panagiotopoulou TV, Elisaf MS
There is a family history of colon polyps
Giovannucci, S
Since ER transcriptionally upregulated SLC7A11 and SLC3A2 expression (Fig