That is an important framing for anyone tempted to treat it as a shortcut: even in the animal work that generates the interest, the compound is one input alongside energy balance, not a replacement for it
While some additional evidence suggests that probiotics can increase GLP-1 levels both directly and indirectly, clinical evidence is lacking
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1199:5268 Virmani MA, Bisselli R, Spadoni A, Rossi S, Corsico N et al (1995) Protective actions of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine on the neurotoxicity evoked by mitochondrial uncoupling or inhibitors
R.LeitchD
This isnt willpower
Aducanumab, a human IgG1 anti-A monoclonal antibody selective for A aggregates, has become the first FDA-approved drug to reduce A levels, a decision that was not devoid of criticism among the scientific community (Tampi et al., 2021)