A neurobiologist, Berthoud works at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge
For beneficiaries, the delay means continued restricted access to these drugs unless they qualify under existing Medicare rules, which primarily apply to diabetes rather than weight loss
They play essential roles in: Brain function and cognition 2 Bone density and fracture prevention Cardiovascular and metabolic health Muscle mass and body composition Skin, hair, and connective tissue integrity Emotional regulation and sleep quality 3 Research shows that prolonged estrogen deficiency affects multiple organ systems, contributing not only to disruptive symptoms but also to increased long-term health risks, including osteoporosis and cognitive decline
This directly counteracts cagrilintide's gastric-slowing effect
when cortisol is elevated and your body is primed for gluconeogenesis and fat oxidation
Insulin therapy provides flexible, potent glucose control but requires careful dose titration and patient education to minimise hypoglycaemia risk