Pycnogenol showed effects to stop further progression of retinopathy and ameliorate the eyesight of diabetics by stabilizing and sealing leaky capillaries of the retina, stopping further outflow of blood ( In an RDP study, Pycnogenol was shown to reduce capillary leaking in the eyes ( supplementation for two months, the ophthalmoscopy score significantly improved by 9% in the left eyes and by 17% in the right eyes compared to baseline, whereas there was no change observed in the placebo group
Pechanova O, Kashiba M, Inoue M
When these issues compound, GLP-1s become a line item with no end in sight
It consists of three amino acids: glycine, cysteine, and glutamic acid
When administered in high doses, thiamine and related derivatives have demonstrated significant antinociceptive effects in animal models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain (here, here and here)
Cytotoxicity Assays: In Vitro Methods to Measure Dead Cells