In general, these fermentations function as valuable models for studying fundamental microbial interactions, while excluding the host as complicating factor
95,96 The pro-inflammatory function of uric acid is critical for revealing its role in various inflammatory conditions, such as gout, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome
Dysbiosis, through the lack of appropriate immunoregulatory and barrier factors, such as, e.g., short-chain fatty acids, causes inappropriate activation of the immune system, resulting in epithelial inflammation, epithelial barrier damage and disease development [55, 57,58,59,60,61]
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The formation of a protein corona could also enhance the stealth properties of the nanoparticles, helping them evade immune detection and prolonging their circulation time in vivo