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BOARD-CERTIFIED DERMATOLOGIST-CREATED SKINCARE Retinol (vitamin A) and mandelic acid fade existing spots, while kojic acid, tranexamic, glutathione, and licorice helps prevent new ones from forming
meningitidis contains a genomic island ( prp ) that enables it to utilize propionic acid by MCC under nutrient-poor growth conditions and overcome propionic acid toxicity (Catenazzi et al., 2014)
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1730795 Received 23 October 2025 Revised 06 March 2026 Accepted 23 March 2026 Published 02 April 2026 Corrected 05 June 2026 Volume 13 - 2026 Edited by Andrea Tinelli, Veris Delli Ponti Hospital, Italy Reviewed by Feng Zhang, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China Minghong Sun, Southwest University, China Updates Copyright 2026 Lv, Li, Ding and Kuang
Most squalane used in skincare comes from plants