It signals the pancreas to release insulin, slows gastric emptying, and tells the brain enough food has been eaten
Preclinical studies in rodents have shown an association between GLP-1 receptor activation and thyroid C-cell changes, although a direct causal link in humans has not been established, and UK/EU SmPCs for authorised GLP-1 RAs do not list MTC or MEN2 as a formal contraindication
Use only as directed
Ghrelin induces fasted motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract in conscious fed rats
These data are in agreement with the well-described association of macrophage-dependent chronic AT inflammation with systemic insulin resistance and with genetic knock out of key inflammatory signalling molecules, scaffolding proteins, or cytokines sufficient to dissociate obesity from insulin resistance 59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66
This highlights the need for more rigorous research to fully understand the potential benefits and to explore the inclusion of treatments like low FODMAP probiotic and prebiotic in these studies