Importantly, this junction also represents the entry point into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which shunts glucose away from energy production and instead generates NADPH, an essential cofactor required for glutathione synthesis and redox homeostasis
In OA cartilage tissues and IL-1stimulated chondrocyte models, iron accumulation, elevated levels of lipid peroxidation byproducts such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and downregulation of the antioxidant enzyme GPX4 have been widely reported ( Ferroptosis-related alterations are not limited to cartilage
DNA was extracted using the AutoGen (Holliston, MA) QuickGene-610L nucleic acid extraction machine with the Fuji QuickGene DNA Whole Blood Kit (AutoGen), following manufacturers instructions
Necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis are programmed necroses, genetically regulated, but morphologically similar to necrosis
S., Cybulski, K
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