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Copper is a required cofactor for enzymes involved in connective-tissue crosslinking, angiogenesis, and antioxidant defense, and GHK appears to function partly as a copper-delivery vehicle that makes the metal bioavailable to cells in a controlled way

KLOW Peptide Mechanisms GHK-Cu: collagen and structure GHK-Cu is a copper-binding tripeptide mapped across more than 4,000 genes: collagen synthesis, antioxidant defense, and wound-healing programs trend up, while inflammation and tissue-breakdown programs trend down. Circulating levels fall with age, from roughly 200 ng/mL at 20 to about 80 ng/mL by 60. It clears damaged matrix while helping new collagen form and cross-link into stronger structure (matrix remodeling and lysyl oxidase activation). See the in-depth GHK-Cu guide

C., Metzger, M., Teixeira, P

Additionally, the mTOR, IL-17, NOD-like receptor and HIF-1 signaling pathways were involved (Supplementary Fig

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H., Hagen, K