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Zinellu E, Zinellu A, Fois AG, Carru C, Pirina P

Maximum Effect All pharmacologic responses must have a maximum effect (E max )

Implication: this is a legally unsettled category in 2026 (more below)

Vilsbll et al., 2018

Song Y, Yang J, Chang M, Wei Y, Yin Z, Zhu Y, et al

The recovered COVID-19 group had remarkably decreased tryptophan levels, hyperactive monocytes that are spitting out inflammatory mediators (sCD14/sCD163), high levels of inflammatory lipid byproducts, altered metabolic gene expression, activated inflammasomes, higher caspase-1/4/5 activity and plasma IL-1 levels, increased T-cell activation, and increased oxidative stress