The definition of vitamin B12 deficiency varies with the assay used but generally includes serum cobalamin levels below 148 pmol/L plus symptoms, or elevated serum homocysteine, or increased methylmalonic acid (MMA) (74)
During this period, the morbidity and mortality patterns change, with chronic diseases becoming more relevant, such as malignant neoplasms, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, arteriopathies, and neurodegenerative diseases ( The use of HRT dates back to the 1960s
10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.040 9 AkbikD.GhadiriM.ChrzanowskiW.RohanizadehR
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Refusal or inability to provide documentation suggests the product may not be what it claims
You are working with tiny volumes where small errors translate to meaningful dose variations