Its main function is the hydrolysis of extracellular adenosine monophosphate into adenosine, a process vital in the purinergic signaling pathway
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Cys 144Cys 148 and Cys 43Cys 90
Under physiological conditions, ROS are generated in the heart mainly from the mitochondrial electron transport chain, nitric oxide synthases (NOS), NADPH oxidases (NOX), and xanthine oxidase (XO) in small quantities [7, 8]
This tripeptide molecule functions as the primary defense mechanism against oxidative stress, free radical damage, and cellular toxin accumulation
In particular, DNA replication and repair are critical for genome maintenance, and the shortage in nucleotides caused by folate deficiency might lead to genome instability and DNA mutations