Similar content being viewed by others Introduction The intracellular redox milieu is supported by the thioredoxin system, composed of the flavoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR, EC 1.8.1.9), NADPH, and its main substrate thioredoxin (Trx)
The antioxidant impact of estrogen is thought to be the principal method by which this hormone protects various tissues from oxidative damage (246248)
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The role of apoptotic processes in fungal growth, virulence, competitiveness, and ageing have been documented [103]
An imbalance in the ratio between reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) forms of glutathione is implicated in various enterovirus infections 23 and depletion of cellular GSH levels using the GSH biosynthesis inhibitor L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) 24,25 and the small molecule inhibitor TP219 26 blocks the assembly and morphogenesis of many enterovirus capsids