Lipoic acid (LA) is a specific antioxidant
This may be attributed to their roles in supporting mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress, which can contribute to fatigue
Various emerging strategies for permeability regulation and BBB crossing including passive transcytosis, intranasal administration, ligands conjugation, membrane coating, stimuli-triggered BBB disruption, and other strategies to overcome BBB obstacle are highlighted
For example, a small Brain scans of the participants showed changes in regions related to distraction, and the combination of L-theanine and caffeine improved scores on several cognitive tests
doi:10.1016/j.cca.2017.06.009 Deswal R, Yadav A, Dang AS
The absorbance at 450 nm was recorded using the microplate reader