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which has been extensively researched
For example, one experimental study showed that lutein reduced the ROS and SA--gal levels and upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and downregulated the p53p21 pathway in H 2 O 2 -induced ARPE-19 cells [50]
In microglia, HIV-1 Tat upregulates PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PRKN), and dynamin-1-like protein (DNM1L), marking damaged mitochondria for turnover and promoting fission, yet sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)-dependent flux is blocked, lowering the mitochondrial membrane potential and fostering microglial activation and neuroinflammation (Fig
10.1111/ppl.12350 Physiol
Explore its unique triple mechanism and current research status