Hooshmand B et al., Neurology 2010 B12 status and brain volume in elderly
In lab and clinical research, its been observed to activate fibroblasts (the cells that produce collagen), increase glycosaminoglycan synthesis (which helps skin retain water), modulate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs, the enzymes that break down old tissue), and act as a copper cofactor in antioxidant pathways
Nature 494 , 256260 (2013)
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Here's a breakdown of what the study found, how the protocol worked, and why this data matters
Advances in research on microbial genomes, genetic engineering technologies, and fermentation engineering have resulted in the use of genetically engineered bacteria to synthesize substances that are of high value or that are difficult to obtain ( Escherichia coli is the most commonly used host bacterium