persistent, severe abdominal pain) Hypersensitivity to DPP-4 inhibitors in the past Pregnancy/breastfeeding Some DPP-4 inhibitors are contraindicated at certain thresholds of renal impairment (see Table 2 ) Some DPP-4 inhibitors are contraindicated in hepatic impairment (see Table 3 ) Type 1 diabetes Diabetic ketoacidosis Cautions History of pancreatitis Moderate heart failure (saxagliptin only, due to limited experience) Severe heart failure (saxagliptin and vildagliptin, due to limited experience) Some DPP-4 inhibitors are cautioned at certain thresholds of renal impairment, and dose reductions may be required (see Table 2 ) Drug interactions No significant interactions have been reported between DPP-4 inhibitors and any other drugs
This is a research reference, not a prescription do not scale doses on independent math
Patients should be counseled that close follow-up is recommended and that there can be temporary worsening of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema with rapid intensive glycemic control
Notably, patients with SGLT-2 inhibitor use were not included in this trial
References Grunfeld C, Dritselis A, Kirkpatrick P
If you've been researching this compound, you've almost certainly run into the term "PDA peptide." It's the single most common shorthand people use, and it points to exactly the same 15-amino-acid complex described above