There is overlap in the broad category of "tissue repair," but the specific tissues, pathways, and models studied differ significantly
Vegans and vegetarians are especially likely to be low on B12 because B12 is only naturally present in animal products and meat
For this page, the editorial team checks medical and regulatory claims against primary sources, clinical trials, public datasets, and regulator guidance
Our team navigates this on your behalf and will always be honest about what we can and cannot offer
People Who Have Had Gastric Surgery Gastric bypass surgery (like Roux-en-Y), sleeve gastrectomy, or other bariatric procedures significantly reduce the stomachs ability to produce intrinsic factor a protein required to absorb B12 in the small intestine
Abrupt discontinuation often leads to rapid weight regain as appetite returns to baseline or even overshoots temporarily