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Gastrointestinal side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation represent the most common adverse reactions and typically happen during dose escalation [15]
With the last expiring follow-on patent being in 2042, this amounts to a period of 49 years of patent protection in total
The effects were inhibited by coinfusion with exendin(939), a specific antagonist of the GLP-1R, indicating that active GLP-1 exerts its vascular protective effects through the classical GLP-1R, which is expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells
They should only be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare provider
By increasing their molecular mass and shielding them from proteolytic enzymes, PEGylation improves the pharmacokinetics of peptides and proteins