Description IGF-1 LR3 (Long [Arg] Insulin-like Growth Factor-1) is a recombinant synthetic analog of human insulin-like growth factor 1, engineered with two structural modifications: an arginine substitution replacing glutamate at position 3 of the IGF-1 sequence (reducing IGFBP-3 binding affinity), and a 13-amino-acid N-terminal extension (Long peptide leader)
KA kainic acid
p53, a classical tumor suppressor gene, inhibits the uptake of cystine by System Xc- through downregulation of SLC7A11 expression, leading to a decrease in the antioxidant capacity of cells
This supports overall liver health and function, potentially reducing the risk of liver diseases
Thus, drugs avoid the hepatic first-pass effect and/or degradation in the bloodstream, which is a crucial issue in the case of peptide drugs [20,21]
Nygaard B, Jensen EW, Kvetny J, Jarlv A, Faber J