support to energy metabolism 23,24,25 , counteraction of glutamate excitotoxicity 28,29 , oxidative stress 30,31,32 and cellular death 33,34 , expression of plasticity-related and pro-survival genes 33,34 , and protection of astrocytes 35 )
It is very beneficial due to its radial free defense mechanism for the cells, which helps them rejuvenate and remain healthy
Together, excessive and reduced production of neuro-toxic and -protective kynurenines, respectively, may exacerbate excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation, establishing a feed-forward cycle of KP dysregulation, 5-HT depletion, HPA axis hyperactivity, and increased vulnerability to MDD
5% glutathione, 5% niacinamide, lightweight serum format
Fine tuning the immune response with PI3K
However, its biological concentration varies considerably