The article is really about GH secretagogues, not direct hormone replacement
Research shows it's usually a mix of things
Stage 1: Depleted Stores (Often Asymptomatic) Liver B12 stores decline
321(g)(1), because they are intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease and/or intended to affect the structure or function of the body." FDA's letters to the other manufacturers are similar in their complaints about why their products fall under the agency's regulatory oversight and why the companies are not allowed to market them, despite their oft-cited claims that the products, especially the triple agonists, are for research only
Stupnisek et al., 2015) stabilize gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, which is effective in wound healing (Figures 16) (Seiwerth et al., 1997
Studies suggest that for elderly people, taking 125250 micrograms of vitamin B12 is effective for maintaining needed levels and avoiding deficiency