The reduced form of doxorubicin, resulting from AKR1C3 activity, exhibits lower affinity and capacity to bind to DNA (Heibein et al., 2012)
Appetite suppression: AOD 9604 provides none
Li JM, Li LY, Zhang YX, Jiang ZY, Limbu SM, Qiao F, Degrace P, Chen LQ, Zhang ML, Du ZY (2019a) Functional differences between l- and d-carnitine in metabolic regulation evaluated using a low-carnitine Nile tilapia model
Choline supports phosphatidylcholine synthesis
The adverse reactions described in Table 1 below are based on data from an eight week cross over trial in which vitamin B12 deficient patients in hematologic remission received one vitamin B12 intramuscular injection (N=25) and then received once weekly intranasal administration of another nasal cyanocobalamin formulation (N=24) for 4 weeks
Furthermore, a combination from buffering agents such as phosphate buffered saline and a saline and acetate buffer can be used