Random-effects models were employed for the pooled analysis, and heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic
Gonzalez JM, Bowden CL, Katz MM, et al
William Soliman, founder and CEO of the Accreditation Council for Medical Affairs, an accrediting body that oversees the life sciences industry
No significant heterogeneity among studies ( I 2 = 0%, p =0.84), so the fixed-effects model was used to combine the effect sizes
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Figure 2 In summary, Metabolomics studies have consistently demonstrated that the intestinal metabolite profiles of IBD patients differ significantly from those of healthy controls, including alterations in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, and tryptophan-derived metabolites, which are repeatedly observed across independent cohorts (177, 178)