Cells 2020;9
Factors Indicating Need for Dose Escalation Increase doses when minimal subjective improvements after 3-4 weeks at current dose, IGF-1 levels show minimal or no meaningful increase from baseline after an adequate trial period (e.g., 812 weeks), good tolerance without significant side effects suggesting room for higher dosing, and treatment goals require more aggressive approach than current dose provides
This method is unlikely to cause negative side effects
Enhances Metabolism Vitamin B12 is vital for the proper functioning of enzymes involved in metabolism
It targets the root cause of excess pigment rather than managing the symptoms at the surface
The aforementioned outcomes are accomplished through a range of mechanisms, including upregulating the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), enhancing the phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177, downregulating the expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX), increasing the levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in the vasculature through GCH1-dependent pathways, and restoring the coupling of eNOS to facilitate the availability of NO (105)