In this review, we emphasize on (1) GSH depletion as a fundamental risk factor for diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atherosclerosis (ischemic heart disease and stroke), (2) importance of oxidative stress and antioxidants in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease, (3) significance of GSH to counteract persistent damaging inflammation, inflammaging and early (premature) inflammaging associated with cell and tissue damage caused by excessive oxidative stress and lack of adequate antioxidant defenses in younger individuals, and (4) new therapies that include antioxidant defenses restoration
Compounded semaglutide: Prepared by specialty pharmacies and not FDA-approved, but often significantly cheaper
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)): shielding against toxicity to mitochondria in cancer [J]
As already mentioned, astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound, but research to date has shown that the benefits of astaxanthin are much more specific than general inflammation and oxidative stress
2005 doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.108
By July 2026, 11% of US adults used these drugs
