Along with a significant pool of preclinical data on the effect of GLP-1RAs (including exendin-4) on PD models in experimental animals, showing a decrease in the loss of dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of -synuclein in the brain, a decrease in mitochondrial dysfunction and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- and interleukin IL-1 [61], promising data from clinical studies on the use of GLP-1RAs in PD have been obtained [62]
Looking forward, future research should focus on long-term safety, durability of weight loss, and real-world effectiveness of GLP-1RAs across diverse populations, including those in LMICs
[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 46.Koehler JA, Baggio LL, Yusta B, Longuet C, Rowland KJ, Cao X, et al
Approved by our Chief Medical Board, third-party tested for purity and efficacy
Speaking to Your GP About GLP-1 and Hashimoto's Before pursuing GLP-1 therapy for Hashimoto's-related metabolic symptoms, discuss NHS eligibility criteria, evidence limitations, and potential interactions with levothyroxine with your GP or endocrinologist
Mechanism of Action Ozempic is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that binds to the GLP-1 receptor to activate it, mimicking the action of the bodys endogenous GLP-1 hormone on the receptor
