This combination addresses mitochondrial function from both the signaling/metabolic side (MOTS-C) and the structural/efficiency side (SS-31)
Sebastian Doll discovered that FSP1/Q10 is a nonGSH-dependent inhibitor of ferroptosis (54)

Major Ingredients Cetyl Ethylhexanoate, Sorbeth-30 Tetraoleate, Glycerin, Triethylhexanoin, Polyglyceryl-10 Diisostearate, Dipropylene Glycol, Diisostearyl Malate, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Glyceryl Behenate/Eicosadioate, Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil, Stearoyl Inulin, Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil, Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Oil, Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil, Polyglyceryl-10 Behenate/Eicosadioate, Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Peel Oil, Cedrus Atlantica Wood Oil, Caprylyl Glycol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil, Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Oil, Water, Candida Bombicola/Glucose/Methyl Rapeseedate Ferment, Tocopherol, 1,2-Hexanediol, Ascorbic Acid, Hydroxypropyl Cyclodextrin, Glutathione, Disodium EDTA, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Biotin, Tocopheryl Acetate, Cyanocobalamin, Limonene, Citral, Geraniol, Citronellol Ingredients subject to change at manufacturer's discretion

As in preclinical studies, binding of linagliptin to blood proteins in humans explains enterohepatic clearance from the body without significant metabolism
Behavioral support and medication work best as an integrated plan, not competing approaches
2018 Apr;119(7):759-770