All published BPC-157 research has been conducted in in vitro cell culture and animal models
& Blazek, D
The action of GLP-1 is mediated by the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), a G-protein coupled receptor widely distributed throughout the body, including pancreatic islets, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and various parts of the peripheral and central nervous systems [46]
A cross-sectional study of 2,900 Australian men and women, 49 years of age and older, found that those in the highest quintile of riboflavin intake were 50% less likely to have cataracts than those in the lowest quintile (35)
As a drug class, peptides are about as far from fringe as it gets
Other options include bromhexine (available over the counter as Bisolvon) and guaifenesin (an expectorant found in cough syrups), but neither has the dual mucolytic-antioxidant action of NAC