Ethical compliance (3R) Replacement, Reduction, Refinement
Gunnarsdottir S and Elfarra AA
Although red blood cells lack mitochondria, hepatocytes exhibit altered OXPHOS and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity upon parasite infection ( Plasmodium infection decreases host mitochondrial respiration while increasing glycolytic flux, mirroring the Warburg-like effect seen in cancer cells (Nair et al., 2023)
This is also known as oxidative damage, and it can interfere with normal cellular function and contribute to the development of numerous diseases and aging processes (44)
Developing user-friendly formulations that are easy to apply, non-greasy, and aesthetically pleasing can significantly enhance patient adherence to drug treatment regimens [350]
Glycemic index, glycemic control and beyond