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However, 23% of brands did not disclose information on nicotine form (i.e

If there are specific socio-cultural factors alongside biological processes influencing this relationship, various countries may exhibit divergent outcomes

The study setting was not reflective of a real-life scenario as many people who occasionally smoke tend to smoke in social situations or simultaneously with alcohol consumption 71

Indeed, smoking can lead to or contribute to numerous gastrointestinal conditions that can negatively impact your quality of life

Safiti et al.17 also point to the existence of an increased COPD risk for smoking initiating before the age of 15 years

*Correspondence: Jiangtian Yan, [email protected] ORCID: Lin Zeng, orcid.org/0000-0002-8446-1482