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Nicotine is the primary addictive substance in both traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes, and can lead to cravings and withdrawal symptoms

Left unchecked, chargebacks can destroy a tobacco retailers bottom line

AUTHORS' CONTRIBUTIONS Based on an initial review of the literature, A.D

Inhaling smoke, especially from cigarettes or burning materials, irritates the respiratory tract

According to Dr Nigel Best, clinical spokesperson for Specsavers, while traditional tobacco smokers remain the most at risk of developing AMD, research also indicates vapour from e-cigarettes can cause irritation and lead to dry eye syndrome

Consequently, our studys definition of quitters was limited to recent cessation, and the definition of non-smokers did not account for the potential long-term effects of smoking cessation, which may represent a limitation of our research