All models included demographic and socioeconomic covariates (age, gender, urban/rural residence, marital status, children, education level, and log-transformed household income), as well as two behavioral covariates: number of smokers in the respondents social circle and perception of smoking hazards (pre-test and change scores)
A mutation in VPS35, encoding a subunit of the retromer complex, causes late-onset Parkinson disease
Vaping has increased dramatically in popularity over the years to offer a safer alternative to smoking cigarettes
Great for new vapers or the next step for those currently using cig-a-likes
If it smells unpleasant before lighting, it likely wont improve
Springer, Ph.D., a professor of medicine in the division of cardiology at the University of California, San Francisco