In DSS-induced colitis following cigarette smoke exposure, the six genes with the most significant differences ( Cxcl1, Ccl2, Il10, Tgfb1, Foxp3, and Cxcl10 ), all of which are Treg signature genes, were consistently downregulated in Gpr15 / mice compared with those in Gpr15 +/+ mice under identical experimental conditions (Fig
Some of the studies relied on selfreporting by the participants and not always on biochemical verification, such as a carbon monoxide breath test or cotinine tests
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Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 43:273287
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